A FAIR Plan is a state-mandated property insurance option of last resort for homeowners and property owners who cannot find coverage through the standard insurance market. It can help provide access to basic coverage, but it may offer fewer protections than a traditional homeowners policy. As a result, many property owners supplement their primary policy with a DIC policy designed to shore up coverage gaps.
FAIR Plans and residual property markets by state
FAIR Plans and equivalent last-resort property markets vary by state — some states run a full residual & commercial property insurer, others operate coastal wind/hail pools, and several have no residual market at all. The table below summarizes what each state's plan typically covers and how that plan compares to a standard HO-3 homeowners policy.
FAIR Plan
Wind / Hail / Coastal Pool
Market Assistance Program
No Residual Market
FAIR Plans and residual property markets by state — plan name, what it typically covers, and what it likely doesn't cover versus a standard HO-3.
Wind and hail on dwellings and contents in designated coastal (Mobile and Baldwin County) beach zones for owners unable to obtain wind coverage in the standard market.
Fire, liability, theft, water damage, and loss of use — those perils must be covered by a separate homeowners or DIC policy.
Last-resort plan providing residential and commercial property coverage — fire, lightning, internal explosion, and smoke, with optional extended coverage (windstorm, hail, riot, vehicle, aircraft, volcanic action) available by endorsement.
Personal liability, theft, water damage, falling objects, weight of ice/snow, off-premises contents, and full loss-of-use — commonly paired with a DIC wraparound to fill these gaps.
Last-resort plan for residential and small-commercial property covering fire, lightning, and limited extended perils for owners denied by the standard market.
Liability, theft, water damage, and full loss of use — homeowners will typically need a DIC wraparound for HO-3-equivalent protection.
Basic dwelling fire coverage for owner-occupied and rental properties: fire, lightning, and internal explosion, with optional extended coverage (wind, hail, riot, vehicles, smoke).
Personal liability, theft, water damage, falling objects, and comprehensive contents coverage found on an HO-3.
Fire and extended-coverage perils on eligible dwellings, mobile homes, and commercial buildings for property owners unable to obtain standard-market coverage.
Liability, theft, water damage, loss of use, and off-premises personal property — an HO-3 covers all of these on an open-perils basis.
State-run insurer of last resort — created and governed by the State of Florida — offering HO-3, HO-6, dwelling fire, wind-only, and commercial residential policies, including hurricane and windstorm coverage in most coastal areas.
Flood (requires NFIP or private flood), and Citizens applies stricter sub-limits, higher hurricane deductibles, and narrower water-damage coverage than most standard HO-3 policies.
FAIR PlanGeorgia Underwriting Association (FAIR Plan)
Dwelling fire and extended-coverage perils (fire, lightning, wind, hail, explosion, smoke, vehicle, riot) on residential and small commercial property statewide.
Liability, theft, water damage, and personal-contents open-perils coverage available on an HO-3.
FAIR PlanHawaii Property Insurance Association (HPIA)
Basic fire, lightning, and extended-coverage protection for dwellings in areas exposed to lava-flow hazard (primarily Hawaii Island Lava Zones 1 and 2) and other hard-to-insure risks.
Liability, theft, water damage, and full loss of use — HPIA is a dwelling-fire product, not an HO-3 replacement.
Fire, lightning, and extended-coverage perils on residential (1–4 family) and eligible commercial buildings for owners denied standard-market coverage.
Water damage and comprehensive HO-3 contents coverage.
State-run insurer of last resort — created and governed by the State of Louisiana — offering HO-3-style homeowners and dwelling-fire policies, including wind and hurricane coverage, for owners unable to obtain private-market coverage.
Flood (requires NFIP/private flood), and Citizens imposes higher hurricane/named-storm deductibles and narrower water-damage terms than typical private HO-3 policies.
FAIR PlanMaryland Joint Insurance Association (JIA)
Basic and broad-form dwelling coverage (fire, lightning, wind, hail, explosion, smoke, vandalism) on residential property in Maryland for owners unable to buy in the voluntary market.
Personal liability, theft (except limited endorsement), water damage, and full loss of use — an HO-3 covers these on an open-perils basis.
FAIR PlanMassachusetts Property Insurance Underwriting Association (MPIUA / FAIR Plan)
Homeowners (HO-3-style), dwelling fire, condo, renters, and commercial property policies statewide — with wind and coastal exposures included on Cape Cod and the islands.
Flood (requires NFIP/private flood); MPIUA also applies higher hurricane deductibles and stricter roof/age underwriting than many voluntary carriers.
Wind / Hail / Coastal PoolMississippi Windstorm Underwriting Association (MWUA)
Wind and hail coverage on residential and commercial property in designated coastal counties (the six southernmost counties) for owners unable to obtain wind coverage in the voluntary market.
Fire, liability, theft, water damage, and all non-wind perils — property owners must pair MWUA with a separate HO-3 or dwelling-fire policy.
FAIR PlanNew Jersey Insurance Underwriting Association (NJ FAIR Plan)
Dwelling fire (basic and broad form) covering fire, lightning, wind, hail, explosion, smoke, vandalism, and other extended perils on residential and small commercial risks statewide.
Personal liability, theft, water damage, and comprehensive contents coverage found on an HO-3.
Fire and extended-coverage perils on eligible residential and commercial property for owners denied standard-market coverage, including wildfire-exposed dwellings.
Liability, theft, water damage, and open-perils contents coverage available on a standard HO-3.
FAIR PlanNew York Property Insurance Underwriting Association (NYPIUA)
Fire, extended coverage, vandalism, and (in coastal areas) wind on residential and commercial property for owners unable to obtain voluntary-market coverage.
Personal liability, theft, water damage, and loss of use — homeowners typically pair NYPIUA with a separate liability or wraparound policy.
Wind and hail coverage for residential and commercial property in the 18 designated beach and coastal counties where standard-market wind coverage is unavailable.
Fire-only or inland risks (handled by the NCJUA / FAIR Plan); flood (requires NFIP/private flood); personal liability and theft.
Fire, lightning, and extended-coverage perils on residential and commercial buildings for owners denied standard-market coverage; a broader dwelling form is also available.
Personal liability, theft, water damage, and full loss-of-use benefits typical of an HO-3.
Market Assistance ProgramOklahoma Market Assistance Program (OKMAP)
Referral-based market assistance — statutorily mandated admitted carriers must quote at least 1 of every 5 applications referred within 10 working days. OKMAP itself does not issue policies.
OKMAP provides no coverage of its own; any policy issued is a private-market policy on that carrier's terms — personal liability, theft, water damage, and full loss-of-use coverage depend entirely on the placed policy.
Fire and extended-coverage perils on residential and commercial property for owners denied standard-market coverage, including many wildfire-exposed dwellings.
Personal liability, theft, water damage, and open-perils contents coverage found on an HO-3.
Wind and hail coverage on residential and commercial property in designated coastal (beach) zones for owners unable to buy wind coverage in the voluntary market.
Fire, liability, theft, water damage, and non-wind perils — property owners pair the plan with a separate fire/HO-3 or DIC policy.
Dwelling and homeowners (HO-A) policies statewide for owners denied voluntary-market coverage, including fire, lightning, and extended-coverage perils.
Flood (requires NFIP/private flood); TFPA excludes named-storm wind in Tier-1 coastal counties, and applies narrower water-damage terms than most HO-3 policies.
Wind / Hail / Coastal PoolTexas Windstorm Insurance Association (TWIA)
Wind and hail coverage on residential and commercial property in the 14 designated Gulf-coast (Tier-1) counties and parts of Harris County for owners unable to buy wind coverage in the voluntary market.
Fire, liability, theft, water damage, and all non-wind perils — property owners pair TWIA with a separate HO-3, TFPA, or dwelling-fire policy.
Fire and extended-coverage perils on residential and commercial property for owners refused voluntary-market coverage, including many wildfire-exposed homes.
Personal liability, theft, water damage, and full loss of use benefits typical of an HO-3.
Wyoming has no FAIR Plan; wildfire-exposed and other hard-to-place property is written by surplus-lines carriers.
N/A — no residual plan exists.
General information only. Coverage terms, limits, and eligibility change — confirm current details with the plan or a licensed agent before making decisions.
